Resources / Swift Language Guide

• About Swift
• Version Compatibility
• A Swift Tour
• A Swift Tour / app-top
• A Swift Tour / Simple-Values
• A Swift Tour / Control-Flow
• A Swift Tour / Functions-and-Closures
• A Swift Tour / Objects-and-Classes
• A Swift Tour / Enumerations-and-Structures
• A Swift Tour / Concurrency
• A Swift Tour / Protocols-and-Extensions
• A Swift Tour / Error-Handling
• A Swift Tour / Generics
• The Basics
• The Basics / app-top
• The Basics / Constants-and-Variables
• The Basics / Declaring-Constants-and-Variables
• The Basics / Type-Annotations
• The Basics / Naming-Constants-and-Variables
• The Basics / Printing-Constants-and-Variables
• The Basics / Comments
• The Basics / Semicolons
• The Basics / Integers
• The Basics / Integer-Bounds
• The Basics / Int
• The Basics / UInt
• The Basics / Floating-Point-Numbers
• The Basics / Type-Safety-and-Type-Inference
• The Basics / Numeric-Literals
• The Basics / Numeric-Type-Conversion
• The Basics / Integer-Conversion
• The Basics / Integer-and-Floating-Point-Conversion
• The Basics / Type-Aliases
• The Basics / Booleans
• The Basics / Tuples
• The Basics / Optionals
• The Basics / nil
• The Basics / Optional-Binding
• The Basics / Providing-a-Fallback-Value
• The Basics / Force-Unwrapping
• The Basics / Implicitly-Unwrapped-Optionals
• The Basics / Error-Handling
• The Basics / Assertions-and-Preconditions
• The Basics / Debugging-with-Assertions
• The Basics / Enforcing-Preconditions
• Basic Operators
• Basic Operators / app-top
• Basic Operators / Terminology
• Basic Operators / Assignment-Operator
• Basic Operators / Arithmetic-Operators
• Basic Operators / Remainder-Operator
• Basic Operators / Unary-Minus-Operator
• Basic Operators / Unary-Plus-Operator
• Basic Operators / Compound-Assignment-Operators
• Basic Operators / Comparison-Operators
• Basic Operators / Ternary-Conditional-Operator
• Basic Operators / Nil-Coalescing-Operator
• Basic Operators / Range-Operators
• Basic Operators / Closed-Range-Operator
• Basic Operators / Half-Open-Range-Operator
• Basic Operators / One-Sided-Ranges
• Basic Operators / Logical-Operators
• Basic Operators / Logical-NOT-Operator
• Basic Operators / Logical-AND-Operator
• Basic Operators / Logical-OR-Operator
• Basic Operators / Combining-Logical-Operators
• Basic Operators / Explicit-Parentheses
• Strings and Characters
• Strings and Characters / app-top
• Strings and Characters / String-Literals
• Strings and Characters / Multiline-String-Literals
• Strings and Characters / Special-Characters-in-String-Literals
• Strings and Characters / Extended-String-Delimiters
• Strings and Characters / Initializing-an-Empty-String
• Strings and Characters / String-Mutability
• Strings and Characters / Strings-Are-Value-Types
• Strings and Characters / Working-with-Characters
• Strings and Characters / Concatenating-Strings-and-Characters
• Strings and Characters / String-Interpolation
• Strings and Characters / Unicode
• Strings and Characters / Unicode-Scalar-Values
• Strings and Characters / Extended-Grapheme-Clusters
• Strings and Characters / Counting-Characters
• Strings and Characters / Accessing-and-Modifying-a-String
• Strings and Characters / String-Indices
• Strings and Characters / Inserting-and-Removing
• Strings and Characters / Substrings
• Strings and Characters / Comparing-Strings
• Strings and Characters / String-and-Character-Equality
• Strings and Characters / Prefix-and-Suffix-Equality
• Strings and Characters / Unicode-Representations-of-Strings
• Strings and Characters / UTF-8-Representation
• Strings and Characters / UTF-16-Representation
• Strings and Characters / Unicode-Scalar-Representation
• Collection Types
• Collection Types / app-top
• Collection Types / Mutability-of-Collections
• Collection Types / Arrays
• Collection Types / Array-Type-Shorthand-Syntax
• Collection Types / Creating-an-Empty-Array
• Collection Types / Creating-an-Array-with-a-Default-Value
• Collection Types / Creating-an-Array-by-Adding-Two-Arrays-Together
• Collection Types / Creating-an-Array-with-an-Array-Literal
• Collection Types / Accessing-and-Modifying-an-Array
• Collection Types / Iterating-Over-an-Array
• Collection Types / Sets
• Collection Types / Hash-Values-for-Set-Types
• Collection Types / Set-Type-Syntax
• Collection Types / Creating-and-Initializing-an-Empty-Set
• Collection Types / Creating-a-Set-with-an-Array-Literal
• Collection Types / Accessing-and-Modifying-a-Set
• Collection Types / Iterating-Over-a-Set
• Collection Types / Performing-Set-Operations
• Collection Types / Fundamental-Set-Operations
• Collection Types / Set-Membership-and-Equality
• Collection Types / Dictionaries
• Collection Types / Dictionary-Type-Shorthand-Syntax
• Collection Types / Creating-an-Empty-Dictionary
• Collection Types / Creating-a-Dictionary-with-a-Dictionary-Literal
• Collection Types / Accessing-and-Modifying-a-Dictionary
• Collection Types / Iterating-Over-a-Dictionary
• Control Flow
• Control Flow / app-top
• Control Flow / For-In-Loops
• Control Flow / While-Loops
• Control Flow / While
• Control Flow / Repeat-While
• Control Flow / Conditional-Statements
• Control Flow / If
• Control Flow / Switch
• Control Flow / Control-Transfer-Statements
• Control Flow / Continue
• Control Flow / Break
• Control Flow / Fallthrough
• Control Flow / Labeled-Statements
• Control Flow / Early-Exit
• Control Flow / Deferred-Actions
• Control Flow / Checking-API-Availability
• Functions
• Functions / app-top
• Functions / Defining-and-Calling-Functions
• Functions / Function-Parameters-and-Return-Values
• Functions / Functions-Without-Parameters
• Functions / Functions-With-Multiple-Parameters
• Functions / Functions-Without-Return-Values
• Functions / Functions-with-Multiple-Return-Values
• Functions / Functions-With-an-Implicit-Return
• Functions / Function-Argument-Labels-and-Parameter-Names
• Functions / Specifying-Argument-Labels
• Functions / Omitting-Argument-Labels
• Functions / Default-Parameter-Values
• Functions / Variadic-Parameters
• Functions / In-Out-Parameters
• Functions / Function-Types
• Functions / Using-Function-Types
• Functions / Function-Types-as-Parameter-Types
• Functions / Function-Types-as-Return-Types
• Functions / Nested-Functions
• Closures
• Closures / app-top
• Closures / Closure-Expressions
• Closures / The-Sorted-Method
• Closures / Closure-Expression-Syntax
• Closures / Inferring-Type-From-Context
• Closures / Implicit-Returns-from-Single-Expression-Closures
• Closures / Shorthand-Argument-Names
• Closures / Operator-Methods
• Closures / Trailing-Closures
• Closures / Capturing-Values
• Closures / Closures-Are-Reference-Types
• Closures / Escaping-Closures
• Closures / Autoclosures
• Enumerations
• Enumerations / app-top
• Enumerations / Enumeration-Syntax
• Enumerations / Matching-Enumeration-Values-with-a-Switch-Statement
• Enumerations / Iterating-over-Enumeration-Cases
• Enumerations / Associated-Values
• Enumerations / Raw-Values
• Enumerations / Implicitly-Assigned-Raw-Values
• Enumerations / Initializing-from-a-Raw-Value
• Enumerations / Recursive-Enumerations
• Structures and Classes
• Structures and Classes / app-top
• Structures and Classes / Comparing-Structures-and-Classes
• Structures and Classes / Definition-Syntax
• Structures and Classes / Structure-and-Class-Instances
• Structures and Classes / Accessing-Properties
• Structures and Classes / Memberwise-Initializers-for-Structure-Types
• Structures and Classes / Structures-and-Enumerations-Are-Value-Types
• Structures and Classes / Classes-Are-Reference-Types
• Structures and Classes / Identity-Operators
• Structures and Classes / Pointers
• Properties
• Properties / app-top
• Properties / Stored-Properties
• Properties / Stored-Properties-of-Constant-Structure-Instances
• Properties / Lazy-Stored-Properties
• Properties / Stored-Properties-and-Instance-Variables
• Properties / Computed-Properties
• Properties / Shorthand-Setter-Declaration
• Properties / Shorthand-Getter-Declaration
• Properties / Read-Only-Computed-Properties
• Properties / Property-Observers
• Properties / Property-Wrappers
• Properties / Setting-Initial-Values-for-Wrapped-Properties
• Properties / Projecting-a-Value-From-a-Property-Wrapper
• Properties / Global-and-Local-Variables
• Properties / Type-Properties
• Properties / Type-Property-Syntax
• Properties / Querying-and-Setting-Type-Properties
• Methods
• Methods / app-top
• Methods / Instance-Methods
• Methods / The-self-Property
• Methods / Modifying-Value-Types-from-Within-Instance-Methods
• Methods / Assigning-to-self-Within-a-Mutating-Method
• Methods / Type-Methods
• Subscripts
• Subscripts / app-top
• Subscripts / Subscript-Syntax
• Subscripts / Subscript-Usage
• Subscripts / Subscript-Options
• Subscripts / Type-Subscripts
• Inheritance
• Inheritance / app-top
• Inheritance / Defining-a-Base-Class
• Inheritance / Subclassing
• Inheritance / Overriding
• Inheritance / Accessing-Superclass-Methods-Properties-and-Subscripts
• Inheritance / Overriding-Methods
• Inheritance / Overriding-Properties
• Inheritance / Preventing-Overrides
• Initialization
• Initialization / app-top
• Initialization / Setting-Initial-Values-for-Stored-Properties
• Initialization / Initializers
• Initialization / Default-Property-Values
• Initialization / Customizing-Initialization
• Initialization / Initialization-Parameters
• Initialization / Parameter-Names-and-Argument-Labels
• Initialization / Initializer-Parameters-Without-Argument-Labels
• Initialization / Optional-Property-Types
• Initialization / Assigning-Constant-Properties-During-Initialization
• Initialization / Default-Initializers
• Initialization / Memberwise-Initializers-for-Structure-Types
• Initialization / Initializer-Delegation-for-Value-Types
• Initialization / Class-Inheritance-and-Initialization
• Initialization / Designated-Initializers-and-Convenience-Initializers
• Initialization / Syntax-for-Designated-and-Convenience-Initializers
• Initialization / Initializer-Delegation-for-Class-Types
• Initialization / Two-Phase-Initialization
• Initialization / Initializer-Inheritance-and-Overriding
• Initialization / Automatic-Initializer-Inheritance
• Initialization / Designated-and-Convenience-Initializers-in-Action
• Initialization / Failable-Initializers
• Initialization / Failable-Initializers-for-Enumerations
• Initialization / Failable-Initializers-for-Enumerations-with-Raw-Values
• Initialization / Propagation-of-Initialization-Failure
• Initialization / Overriding-a-Failable-Initializer
• Initialization / The-init-Failable-Initializer
• Initialization / Required-Initializers
• Initialization / Setting-a-Default-Property-Value-with-a-Closure-or-Function
• Deinitialization
• Deinitialization / app-top
• Deinitialization / How-Deinitialization-Works
• Deinitialization / Deinitializers-in-Action
• Optional Chaining
• Optional Chaining / app-top
• Optional Chaining / Optional-Chaining-as-an-Alternative-to-Forced-Unwrapping
• Optional Chaining / Defining-Model-Classes-for-Optional-Chaining
• Optional Chaining / Accessing-Properties-Through-Optional-Chaining
• Optional Chaining / Calling-Methods-Through-Optional-Chaining
• Optional Chaining / Accessing-Subscripts-Through-Optional-Chaining
• Optional Chaining / Accessing-Subscripts-of-Optional-Type
• Optional Chaining / Linking-Multiple-Levels-of-Chaining
• Optional Chaining / Chaining-on-Methods-with-Optional-Return-Values
• Error Handling
• Error Handling / app-top
• Error Handling / Representing-and-Throwing-Errors
• Error Handling / Handling-Errors
• Error Handling / Propagating-Errors-Using-Throwing-Functions
• Error Handling / Handling-Errors-Using-Do-Catch
• Error Handling / Converting-Errors-to-Optional-Values
• Error Handling / Disabling-Error-Propagation
• Error Handling / Specifying-Cleanup-Actions
• Concurrency
• Concurrency / app-top
• Concurrency / Defining-and-Calling-Asynchronous-Functions
• Concurrency / Asynchronous-Sequences
• Concurrency / Calling-Asynchronous-Functions-in-Parallel
• Concurrency / Tasks-and-Task-Groups
• Concurrency / Unstructured-Concurrency
• Concurrency / Task-Cancellation
• Concurrency / Actors
• Concurrency / Sendable-Types
• Macros
• Macros / app-top
• Macros / Freestanding-Macros
• Macros / Attached-Macros
• Macros / Macro-Declarations
• Macros / Macro-Expansion
• Macros / Implementing-a-Macro
• Macros / Developing-and-Debugging-Macros
• Type Casting
• Type Casting / app-top
• Type Casting / Defining-a-Class-Hierarchy-for-Type-Casting
• Type Casting / Checking-Type
• Type Casting / Downcasting
• Type Casting / Type-Casting-for-Any-and-AnyObject
• Nested Types
• Nested Types / app-top
• Nested Types / Nested-Types-in-Action
• Nested Types / Referring-to-Nested-Types
• Extensions
• Extensions / app-top
• Extensions / Extension-Syntax
• Extensions / Computed-Properties
• Extensions / Initializers
• Extensions / Methods
• Extensions / Mutating-Instance-Methods
• Extensions / Subscripts
• Extensions / Nested-Types
• Protocols
• Protocols / app-top
• Protocols / Protocol-Syntax
• Protocols / Property-Requirements
• Protocols / Method-Requirements
• Protocols / Mutating-Method-Requirements
• Protocols / Initializer-Requirements
• Protocols / Class-Implementations-of-Protocol-Initializer-Requirements
• Protocols / Failable-Initializer-Requirements
• Protocols / Protocols-as-Types
• Protocols / Delegation
• Protocols / Adding-Protocol-Conformance-with-an-Extension
• Protocols / Conditionally-Conforming-to-a-Protocol
• Protocols / Declaring-Protocol-Adoption-with-an-Extension
• Protocols / Adopting-a-Protocol-Using-a-Synthesized-Implementation
• Protocols / Collections-of-Protocol-Types
• Protocols / Protocol-Inheritance
• Protocols / Class-Only-Protocols
• Protocols / Protocol-Composition
• Protocols / Checking-for-Protocol-Conformance
• Protocols / Optional-Protocol-Requirements
• Protocols / Protocol-Extensions
• Protocols / Providing-Default-Implementations
• Protocols / Adding-Constraints-to-Protocol-Extensions
• Generics
• Generics / app-top
• Generics / The-Problem-That-Generics-Solve
• Generics / Generic-Functions
• Generics / Type-Parameters
• Generics / Naming-Type-Parameters
• Generics / Generic-Types
• Generics / Extending-a-Generic-Type
• Generics / Type-Constraints
• Generics / Type-Constraint-Syntax
• Generics / Type-Constraints-in-Action
• Generics / Associated-Types
• Generics / Associated-Types-in-Action
• Generics / Extending-an-Existing-Type-to-Specify-an-Associated-Type
• Generics / Adding-Constraints-to-an-Associated-Type
• Generics / Using-a-Protocol-in-Its-Associated-Types-Constraints
• Generics / Generic-Where-Clauses
• Generics / Extensions-with-a-Generic-Where-Clause
• Generics / Contextual-Where-Clauses
• Generics / Associated-Types-with-a-Generic-Where-Clause
• Generics / Generic-Subscripts
• Opaque and Boxed Types
• Opaque and Boxed Types / app-top
• Opaque and Boxed Types / The-Problem-That-Opaque-Types-Solve
• Opaque and Boxed Types / Returning-an-Opaque-Type
• Opaque and Boxed Types / Boxed-Protocol-Types
• Opaque and Boxed Types / Differences-Between-Opaque-Types-and-Boxed-Protocol-Types
• Automatic Reference Counting
• Automatic Reference Counting / app-top
• Automatic Reference Counting / How-ARC-Works
• Automatic Reference Counting / ARC-in-Action
• Automatic Reference Counting / Strong-Reference-Cycles-Between-Class-Instances
• Automatic Reference Counting / Resolving-Strong-Reference-Cycles-Between-Class-Instances
• Automatic Reference Counting / Weak-References
• Automatic Reference Counting / Unowned-References
• Automatic Reference Counting / Unowned-Optional-References
• Automatic Reference Counting / Unowned-References-and-Implicitly-Unwrapped-Optional-Properties
• Automatic Reference Counting / Strong-Reference-Cycles-for-Closures
• Automatic Reference Counting / Resolving-Strong-Reference-Cycles-for-Closures
• Automatic Reference Counting / Defining-a-Capture-List
• Automatic Reference Counting / Weak-and-Unowned-References
• Memory Safety
• Access Control
• Access Control / app-top
• Access Control / Modules-and-Source-Files
• Access Control / Access-Levels
• Access Control / Guiding-Principle-of-Access-Levels
• Access Control / Default-Access-Levels
• Access Control / Access-Levels-for-Single-Target-Apps
• Access Control / Access-Levels-for-Frameworks
• Access Control / Access-Levels-for-Unit-Test-Targets
• Access Control / Access-Control-Syntax
• Access Control / Custom-Types
• Access Control / Tuple-Types
• Access Control / Function-Types
• Access Control / Enumeration-Types
• Access Control / Nested-Types
• Access Control / Subclassing
• Access Control / Constants-Variables-Properties-and-Subscripts
• Access Control / Getters-and-Setters
• Access Control / Initializers
• Access Control / Default-Initializers
• Access Control / Default-Memberwise-Initializers-for-Structure-Types
• Access Control / Protocols
• Access Control / Protocol-Inheritance
• Access Control / Protocol-Conformance
• Access Control / Extensions
• Access Control / Private-Members-in-Extensions
• Access Control / Generics
• Access Control / Type-Aliases
• Advanced Operators
• Advanced Operators / app-top
• Advanced Operators / Bitwise-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Bitwise-NOT-Operator
• Advanced Operators / Bitwise-AND-Operator
• Advanced Operators / Bitwise-OR-Operator
• Advanced Operators / Bitwise-XOR-Operator
• Advanced Operators / Bitwise-Left-and-Right-Shift-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Overflow-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Value-Overflow
• Advanced Operators / Precedence-and-Associativity
• Advanced Operators / Operator-Methods
• Advanced Operators / Prefix-and-Postfix-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Compound-Assignment-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Equivalence-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Custom-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Precedence-for-Custom-Infix-Operators
• Advanced Operators / Result-Builders
• About the Language Reference
• Lexical Structure
• Lexical Structure / app-top
• Lexical Structure / Whitespace-and-Comments
• Lexical Structure / Identifiers
• Lexical Structure / Keywords-and-Punctuation
• Lexical Structure / Literals
• Lexical Structure / Integer-Literals
• Lexical Structure / Floating-Point-Literals
• Lexical Structure / String-Literals
• Lexical Structure / Regular-Expression-Literals
• Lexical Structure / Operators
• Types
• Types / app-top
• Types / Type-Annotation
• Types / Type-Identifier
• Types / Tuple-Type
• Types / Function-Type
• Types / Restrictions-for-Nonescaping-Closures
• Types / Array-Type
• Types / Dictionary-Type
• Types / Optional-Type
• Types / Implicitly-Unwrapped-Optional-Type
• Types / Protocol-Composition-Type
• Types / Opaque-Type
• Types / Boxed-Protocol-Type
• Types / Metatype-Type
• Types / Any-Type
• Types / Self-Type
• Types / Type-Inheritance-Clause
• Types / Type-Inference
• Expressions
• Expressions / app-top
• Expressions / Prefix-Expressions
• Expressions / In-Out-Expression
• Expressions / Try-Operator
• Expressions / Await-Operator
• Expressions / Infix-Expressions
• Expressions / Assignment-Operator
• Expressions / Ternary-Conditional-Operator
• Expressions / Type-Casting-Operators
• Expressions / Primary-Expressions
• Expressions / Literal-Expression
• Expressions / Self-Expression
• Expressions / Superclass-Expression
• Expressions / Conditional-Expression
• Expressions / Closure-Expression
• Expressions / Implicit-Member-Expression
• Expressions / Parenthesized-Expression
• Expressions / Tuple-Expression
• Expressions / Wildcard-Expression
• Expressions / Macro-Expansion-Expression
• Expressions / Key-Path-Expression
• Expressions / Selector-Expression
• Expressions / Key-Path-String-Expression
• Expressions / Postfix-Expressions
• Expressions / Function-Call-Expression
• Expressions / Initializer-Expression
• Expressions / Explicit-Member-Expression
• Expressions / Postfix-Self-Expression
• Expressions / Subscript-Expression
• Expressions / Forced-Value-Expression
• Expressions / Optional-Chaining-Expression
• Statements
• Statements / app-top
• Statements / Loop-Statements
• Statements / For-In-Statement
• Statements / While-Statement
• Statements / Repeat-While-Statement
• Statements / Branch-Statements
• Statements / If-Statement
• Statements / Guard-Statement
• Statements / Switch-Statement
• Statements / Labeled-Statement
• Statements / Control-Transfer-Statements
• Statements / Break-Statement
• Statements / Continue-Statement
• Statements / Fallthrough-Statement
• Statements / Return-Statement
• Statements / Throw-Statement
• Statements / Defer-Statement
• Statements / Do-Statement
• Statements / Compiler-Control-Statements
• Statements / Conditional-Compilation-Block
• Statements / Line-Control-Statement
• Statements / Compile-Time-Diagnostic-Statement
• Statements / Availability-Condition
• Declarations
• Declarations / app-top
• Declarations / Top-Level-Code
• Declarations / Code-Blocks
• Declarations / Import-Declaration
• Declarations / Constant-Declaration
• Declarations / Variable-Declaration
• Declarations / Stored-Variables-and-Stored-Variable-Properties
• Declarations / Computed-Variables-and-Computed-Properties
• Declarations / Stored-Variable-Observers-and-Property-Observers
• Declarations / Type-Variable-Properties
• Declarations / Type-Alias-Declaration
• Declarations / Function-Declaration
• Declarations / Parameter-Names
• Declarations / In-Out-Parameters
• Declarations / Special-Kinds-of-Parameters
• Declarations / Special-Kinds-of-Methods
• Declarations / Methods-with-Special-Names
• Declarations / Throwing-Functions-and-Methods
• Declarations / Rethrowing-Functions-and-Methods
• Declarations / Asynchronous-Functions-and-Methods
• Declarations / Functions-that-Never-Return
• Declarations / Enumeration-Declaration
• Declarations / Enumerations-with-Cases-of-Any-Type
• Declarations / Enumerations-with-Cases-of-a-Raw-Value-Type
• Declarations / Accessing-Enumeration-Cases
• Declarations / Structure-Declaration
• Declarations / Class-Declaration
• Declarations / Actor-Declaration
• Declarations / Protocol-Declaration
• Declarations / Protocol-Property-Declaration
• Declarations / Protocol-Method-Declaration
• Declarations / Protocol-Initializer-Declaration
• Declarations / Protocol-Subscript-Declaration
• Declarations / Protocol-Associated-Type-Declaration
• Declarations / Initializer-Declaration
• Declarations / Failable-Initializers
• Declarations / Deinitializer-Declaration
• Declarations / Extension-Declaration
• Declarations / Conditional-Conformance
• Declarations / Protocol-Conformance-Must-Not-Be-Redundant
• Declarations / Subscript-Declaration
• Declarations / Type-Subscript-Declarations
• Declarations / Macro-Declaration
• Declarations / Operator-Declaration
• Declarations / Precedence-Group-Declaration
• Declarations / Declaration-Modifiers
• Declarations / Access-Control-Levels
• Attributes
• Attributes / app-top
• Attributes / Declaration-Attributes
• Attributes / attached
• Attributes / available
• Attributes / discardableResult
• Attributes / dynamicCallable
• Attributes / dynamicMemberLookup
• Attributes / freestanding
• Attributes / frozen
• Attributes / GKInspectable
• Attributes / inlinable
• Attributes / main
• Attributes / nonobjc
• Attributes / NSApplicationMain
• Attributes / NSCopying
• Attributes / NSManaged
• Attributes / objc
• Attributes / objcMembers
• Attributes / propertyWrapper
• Attributes / resultBuilder
• Attributes / requiresstoredpropertyinits
• Attributes / testable
• Attributes / UIApplicationMain
• Attributes / unchecked
• Attributes / usableFromInline
• Attributes / warnunqualifiedaccess
• Attributes / Declaration-Attributes-Used-by-Interface-Builder
• Attributes / Type-Attributes
• Attributes / autoclosure
• Attributes / convention
• Attributes / escaping
• Attributes / Sendable
• Attributes / Switch-Case-Attributes
• Attributes / unknown
• Patterns
• Patterns / app-top
• Patterns / Wildcard-Pattern
• Patterns / Identifier-Pattern
• Patterns / Value-Binding-Pattern
• Patterns / Tuple-Pattern
• Patterns / Enumeration-Case-Pattern
• Patterns / Optional-Pattern
• Patterns / Type-Casting-Patterns
• Patterns / Expression-Pattern
• Generic Parameters and Arguments
• Generic Parameters and Arguments / app-top
• Generic Parameters and Arguments / Generic-Parameter-Clause
• Generic Parameters and Arguments / Generic-Where-Clauses
• Generic Parameters and Arguments / Generic-Argument-Clause
• Summary of the Grammar
• Summary of the Grammar / app-top
• Summary of the Grammar / Lexical-Structure
• Summary of the Grammar / Types
• Summary of the Grammar / Expressions
• Summary of the Grammar / Statements
• Summary of the Grammar / Declarations
• Summary of the Grammar / Attributes
• Summary of the Grammar / Patterns
• Summary of the Grammar / Generic-Parameters-and-Arguments
• Document Revision History